Decades ago, the power tool industry freed the contractor from the power cords of oppression by giving him a battery-operated tool and the option to perform some of his duties electricity-free.
For ladder and roof applications, sites that don't have electricity or large commercial projects where power cords can be trip hazards, these innovations gave contractors the ability to complete their jobs safely and hassle-free.
Over the years, battery technologies evolved, putting more power and longer run-times in the contractor's hands. Tool manufacturers experimented with different voltage platforms and expanded the number of cordless tools available to contractors.
In 2005, a revolutionary advancement was introduced with the launch of lithium ion. This battery technology opened up a host of opportunities for manufacturers including increased charging cycles and lighter battery cells. Today, you'll find most manufacturers focusing their efforts on improving upon their lithium ion tool lines.
"If you want to compare lithium ion to other technologies, it's almost like the change from VHS to DVD, or from a Walkman to an iPod," says Paul Fry, director of M12 cordless marketing with Milwaukee Tools. "It's a very aggressive, defined change in the marketplace."
A lighter load
One of the greatest opportunities lithium ion brought to the power tools market was the ability to pack more power in a smaller package. The average nickel cadmium cell was about 1.2 volts, whereas the average lithium ion cell is about 3.6 volts.
"Lithium ion takes less cells to do the same amount of work as it did before," Fry says. "We can offer consumers the same power they had in their old tools, but in a much smaller package. Or we can offer much more power in a package size and weight similar to the tools they had before."
This downsizing of tools is driving user trends in the industry. "Back in the 1990s, you had what I call the ‘Tim the Tool Man Taylor Effect.' Everyone wanted a beefy, macho tool -- the biggest on the jobsite. With the introduction of lithium ion, people started wising up to the reality that they don't need monster power tools to get their applications done," says Jason McNeil, product manager with DeWalt Power Tools. "We're seeing tools and batteries shrink in size and we're also seeing users pick a tool that fits their work with less of that overkill, or getting the biggest, beefiest tool on the jobsite."
Market focus
The past decade has seen numerous voltage platforms throughout the industry. But in recent years manufactures have gravitated to a smaller number of platforms, clearing up a lot of potential confusion for distributors and end users.
In general you will see tools fit into three general categories: the 18-volt line, the subcompact line, and a line of larger tools.
"After 18 volt lithium ion hit the market in 2005 everyone raced up the voltage scale, all the way to 36 volt," says Ethan Haughawout, product manager for cordless tools with Makita. "But now the focus is moving back to 18 volt, where we focused all along."
Makita offers 36 tools in its 18-volt lithium ion line. They still offer nickel cadmium and alkaline hydride options, but since 2005 their product development has been lithium ion related.
Some manufacturers offer a compact version of their 18-volt platforms, geared toward contractors who prefer a lighter weight tool and aren't as concerned about run time. Makita offers its full-size LXT 18-volt lithium ion line and a compact 18-volt lithium ion line.
"The cells are the same size, but the LXT has twice as many cells as the compact battery. The compact battery charges in 15 minutes, while the LXT charges in 30 minutes," Haughawout explains. "The compact product doesn't run as long but it weighs less and charges faster."
DeWalt recently introduced its new 18-volt Compact Lithium Ion battery. Like all of the company's batteries on the market today, this new battery is backwards compatible with all the cordless tools the company has sold since 1996. McNeil says the 18-volt Compact Lithium Ion platform was designed with a certain type of contractor in mind.
"They'll be able to use it where ergonomics are important, like overhead applications, ladder applications and applications where you don't need an extended run time," he says.
Another trend is the growing subcompact category -- 10.8- and 12-volt platforms. Fry says with Milwaukee's M12 subcompact line, they're taking tools from "jobsite portable" to "toolbelt portable."
"Part of what we're doing is expanding the boundaries of what cordless means," he says. "Lithium ion allows us to put a battery pack where we never would have before because it would have been too large and too cumbersome."
Across the industry you'll see subcompact cordless tools like cordless screwdrivers and saws.
On the other end of the tool spectrum, you'll find manufacturers have gravitated toward larger battery platforms like 28- and 36-volt tools, such as Milwaukee's V28 lithium ion line.